A Review of Study of Air Quality Index for Particulate Matter at various Location

- The presence of certain substances in the air negatively affects human health, the environment and the climate. These chemicals are mainly added due to human activities. Maintaining air quality requires regular monitoring, identification of the source of pollution and adoption of preventive measures. This rapid growth and related civic activity has affected their ecological services. Air pollution is mainly considered an urban problem as the rate of industrialization and unsystematic urbanization increases day by day. It has become a major environmental problem faced by people globally in developing and developed countries. Three criteria pollutants measured regularly and over a longer period of time, sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and respirable particulate matter (PM 10 ) were investigated for air quality analysis.

that contribute to ambient air pollution are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, suspended particulate matter, breathable suspended particulate matter and the hazards that air pollution affects us all. Air pollution can cause health problems and can lead to death.
As much of the air pollution is caused by burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil and petroleum, reducing these fuels can drastically reduce air pollution. Titanium dioxide has been researched for its ability to reduce air pollution. The burning of municipal solid west also creates high air pollution. Ambient air related to the air in the usual environment in which the human being lives. Ambient air monitoring is the surveillance of air quality in a certain polluted area or city. It is not related to the monitoring of chimney emissions. Topical ambient air quality can be broken down by various sources such as motor vehicles and power plant emissions. namely PM10 whose size is less than 10μm and PM2.5 whose sizes are less than 2.5μm. Atmospheric pollutants have different variations, that is, seasonal, short-term and long-term variations. The prevailing atmospheric conditions determine the fate of pollutants and gases after they are released into the atmosphere. These samples were analyzed spectrophotometrically for SO2 and NOX. Air pollution is a serious environmental problem around the world that causes enormous damage to human health and the environment.
Over population, urbanization and industrialization have led to serious problems related to air pollution all over the world. Growing air pollution has emerged as a serious concern in the city, with vehicular emission and dust contributing a major part of the deteriorating air quality. Urban air pollution episodes are mainly due to increased concentrations of pollutants, viz. local weather, emissions and dispersion conditions.

Materials and methods
Monitoring was done during the winter season and summer season. For carrying out the project work, the West Zone of Nagpur was considered as the study area. Monitoring areas included-Residential Areas, ie Naka (C1), Dharampeth (C2), Shankar Nagar (C3) and Industrial Areas, ie MIDC (I1, I2, I3). Samples during 24 hours were collected at all sampling stations. SPM and RSPM were monitored using the Breathable Powder Sampler. Whatman Glass microfiber filter paper, popularly known as 8x10 ins size GF/A filter paper, was used to determine the RSPM and the flow rate was maintained at 1-1.5 m3/min. The NPM -HVS/R model is used, which has a cyclonic separator that separates particulate matter larger than 10μm from the air stream (pulled into the sampler) in the beaker before filtering through GF/A filter paper.
The EPA has already established national air quality standards for each of these pollutants to protect public health. Tropospheric ozone and particulate air pollution are the two pollutants that pose the greatest threat to human health in this country. Air quality is determined by comparing the RSPM values obtained during sampling with the Air Quality Index table suggested by the Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi.
The AQI is primarily categorized into six zones, each zone describing ambient air quality. The highest AQI value indicates the highest level of air pollution and the greatest concern about health risks. If an AQI value is 50, it represents good air quality with little potential effect on public health, whereas if an AQI value is greater than 300, it represents hazardous air quality of great public health concern. AQI values below 100 are generally considered satisfactory. If the AQI values are above 100, the air quality is considered unhealthy for children and the elderly and then it becomes unhealthy for everyone as the AQI values increase. The EPA has assigned a specific color to each AQI category to make it easier for everyone to quickly understand whether air pollution is reaching unhealthy levels in their communities or not. Various health-related impacts associated with each zone are also suggested by the CPCB.

Conclusion
Ambient air pollution is something that we absolutely cannot ignore at the present time. Ambient air pollution is mainly generated by anthropogenic disorders which are general sources of ambient air pollution, including the use of vehicle fuels. Industrialization, factorial installations, burning of municipal waste and lighting with polluting fuels also include ambient air pollution. Ambient air pollution creates all kinds of health risks. The health impact ranges from increased hospital and emergency meetings to increased risk of premature death.