A Review paper on 3D-Printing and Various Processes Used in the 3D-Printing.

- This is a review paper on 3D printing and the various materials used in 3D printing and their properties which become a notable topic in technological aspects. First, define what is meant by 3D printing and what is significant of 3D printing. We will go into the history of 3D printing and study about the process of 3D printing and what materials used in the manufacture of 3D printed objects and select the best materials among them which are suitable for our 3D printing machine. Also, see the advantages of 3D printing as compared to additive manufacturing.


I.INTRODUCTION
3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) is a process for making a 3D object of any shape from a 3D model or other electronic data sources through additive processes in which successive layers of material are laid down under computer controls.

Hideo Kodama of Nayoga Municipal Industrial
Research Institute is generally regarded to have printed the first solid object from a digital design.
However, the credit for the first 3D printer generally goes to Charles Hull, who in 1984 designed it while working for the company he founded, 3D Systems Corp. Charles a Hull was a pioneer of the solid imaging process known as stereolithography and the STL (stereolithographic) file format which is still the most widely used format used today in 3D printing.
He is also regarded to have started commercial rapid prototyping that was concurrent with his development of 3D printing. He initially used photopolymers heated by ultraviolet light to achieve the melting and solidification effect. Since 1984, when the first 3D printer was designed and realized by Charles W. Hull from 3D Systems Corp., the technology has evolved and these machines have become more and more useful, while their price points lowered, thus becoming more affordable.
Nowadays, rapid prototyping has a wide range of applications in various fields of human activity: research, engineering, medical industry, military, construction, architecture, fashion, education, the computer industry and many others. In 1990, the plastic extrusion technology most widely associated with the term "3D printing" was invented by Stratasys by name fused deposition modelling (FDM). After the start of the 21st century, there has been a large growth in the sales of 3D printing machines and their price has been dropped gradually.   to commercialize his patent.

D. Laminated Object Manufacturing
It is a 3D-printing technology developed by Helisys Inc. (now Cubic Technologies). In it, layers of adhesive-coated paper, plastic, or metal laminates are successively joined together and cut to appropriate shape with a laser cutter. Objects printed with this technique may be additionally modified by machining after the printing process. the typical layer resolution for this process is defined by material feedstock and usually ranges in thickness from one-to-many sheets of paper of a copy.

III. 3D PRINTER MATERIAL
Following are the materials which can be used with the Accucraft i250 and their properties.

A. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene [ABS]
One of the most widely used material since the inception of 3D printing. This material is very durable, slightly flexible, and lightweight and can be easily extruded, which makes it perfect for 3D printing. It requires less force to extrude than when using PLA, which is another popular 3D filament.  Weights from the Union College Material Science lab will be used to apply a tensile load on parts, then stress and displacement will be measured. The strengths of different printing processes will be compared and the weight and strength of original versus optimized parts will be compared. [3] 4. This project is to fabricate the most essential parts   (2015), has explained that many components of the aircraft can be manufactured using Additive manufacturing with titanium. These components include airframe blades casting, discs, fastenings, and Landing gear. Which uses the Titomic Kinetic Fusion method to print parts and tools for the aircraft. Using this technology, the industry is able to build many complex internal structures for sophisticated rockets and jet Engines. It has also helped in combining many components and make it to fewer components which it turns is Helping in reducing the weight and fuel consumption of the aircraft. In doing so the industry is able to save millions of dollars on each aircraft they manufacture.