Study and Design of Sports Stadium

- Sports Stadiums, like many other civil engineering structures, are being pushed to their limits in terms of slenderness and structural efficiency. Sports stadium structure should be designed with the care of economic aspects as well as safety aspects. The objective of the study includes comparative analysis and design of CC structure as well as steel structure for sports stadium with keeping in view of weight and cost aspects. This report mainly covers analysis and design aspect of outdoor sports stadium.


Fig: 3.12: Wind Direction Sketch
The loading direction is indicated is Fig 3.13 alongside. The data to be used are the data in the first row of the

Fig 3.14: Wind Load Case 2
The loading direction is indicated in Fig 3.14 alongside and occurs when the wind blows from the higher level of the canopy to the lower level of the canopy as shown alongside. Since the wind load acts upwards (towards the sky), a minus sign has been assigned to it in the code. The minus sign does not indicate suction pressure as is the convention in the rest of the code. This case considers no obstruction in the rest of the code. This case considers no obstruction below the canopy and therefore Ø=0. The roof angle is again considered to be 10 o . One now refers to the Table 7, further below at a roof angle of 10 o and observes that the overall pressure coefficient is given as -0.9. This is the upward force acting on the canopy and its point of application is at a distance of one-third the length of the canopy from the higher end, as shown in Fig  3.14. This pressure load is used for the design of some main members, columns, foundation etc.
Two sub-cases need to be considered here.  (Fig 3.15

Comparison of Earthquake Results
Earthquake force has been applied at beam column junction. Manual results of earthquake forces have been compared with software results. It is given in the  Detailed drawing is also shown in Fig 3.8 for the same.

Steel Structural System
Steel structural system has been taken as alternative option of RCC

1.
Type of Structure Portal Frame

4.
Materials Steel section

Design of Elements
Design has been carried out using IS 800:1984.

Comparisons
Comparisons of both the structure is given in the  In this section tier structure has been design and compare with each other.

RCC Structural System
Analysis of upper tier gallery has already explained in section 2.3. Analysis has been carried out for tier structure with roof. Following section covers the design of tier structure. Section view of upper tier gallery is shown in Fig 4.14.      Fig 4.23

Cantilever Portal Frame
Cantilever portal frame could be used instead of space frame structure for Eden Garden Stadium.

Same concept has been used in twickenham stadium
which is used for rugby and football. The structure construction as well as design is quite easy than space frame structure. Following section presented for the purpose of some comparative study of both the structure. Cantilever portal frame can be analyzed as plane frame which consumed less time for the analysis and design.

1.
Type of structure Portal Frame

2.
Layout as per shown in Fig 5.1

Model Layout
Layout of the cantilever portal frame is shown in Fig 5.1 where as STAAD modeling is shown in Fig 5.2 with element numbering.

Space Frame Supported by Column
Two way grid space frame has been used for Eden

Model layout
Top view of the space frame is shown in Fig 5.3 where as STAAD modeling is shown in Fig5.4.    Step by step procedure is explained in the following section.

PROGRAMMING FOR AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF GEOMETRY
Step 1: Open the application. Application is shown in the following Fig 6.1 Step

CONCLUSIONS
Static as well as dynamic analysis has been carried out due to complex structural geometry. Dynamic analysis of seating bowl seems that both the tier structures lower tier as well as upper tier behaves well against earthquake while acting individually instead of both the tier structure connected at different level.
Comparisons of alternative structural system of various elements of stadium structure like seating bowl, roof structure, floodlight tower, score board structure are given below.