A Blockchain-Enabled Autonomous Robotic Attendance System Using Dynamic QR Codes and AI-Based Authentication

Traditional attendance systems in schools and colleges mainly depend on manual roll calls or paper registers. These methods consume classroom time, are prone to human error, and are highly vulnerable to proxy attendance. Although digital systems such as QR codes, RFID cards, and biometric attendance have improved automation, most of them still rely on centralized databases. This makes them vulnerable to data manipulation, unauthorized access, and system failures. To overcome these limitations, this research proposes a Blockchain-Enabled Autonomous Robotic Attendance System that combines dynamic QR codes, artificial intelligence–based authentication, and decentralized blockchain storage. In the proposed system, an autonomous robot moves inside the classroom and collects attendance using time-based dynamic QR codes. The robot also captures the student’s face, and an AI-based facial recognition module verifies the identity. Once verified, the attendance record is securely stored on a blockchain through smart contracts, ensuring that the data cannot be altered or deleted. The integration of robotics, AI, dynamic QR technology, and blockchain creates a fully automated, secure, and transparent attendance system. The proposed solution reduces manual effort, prevents proxy attendance, and provides tamper-proof record keeping suitable for modern smart educational environments.