A Case Report on Exchange Transfusion in New Born Infant with Neonatal Jaundice and Rh Incompatibility

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common concern in newborns, with ABO blood group incompatibility serving as a significant risk factor for severe jaundice. This case report outlines the successful management of a 3 kg male infant born to a primigravida mother with ABO incompatibility-induced hyperbilirubinemia. The neonate, born at 38.1 weeks via normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy, exhibited signs of jaundice at 6 hours of life, prompting screening and subsequent confirmation of serum bilirubin levels 29.6. The decision was made using the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and categorized the child under high risk according to age and bilirubin level to implement a complete exchange transfusion. Careful handling of umbilical venous lines, coupled with aseptic precautions, sought to mitigate the risk of sepsis. The procedure, conducted over two hours, demonstrated stability in vital signs and was monitored with a transcutaneous bilirubinometer. Post-transfusion, repeat serum bilirubin tests showed a decrease in bilirubin of 11.6. The infant was discharged after a five-day hospital stay, show casing this innovative approach’s potential efficacy and safety. This case contributes to the evolving strategies in neonatal care and emphasizes the importance of tailored interventions in managing hyperbilirubinemia associated with ABO incompatibility. Categories: Pediatrics, Medical Education, Medical Simulation