A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE LOGISTIC PRACTICES

The increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability has led to the adoption of green and sustainable logistics practices in supply chain management. This study presents a comparative analysis of green and sustainable logistics practices, focusing on their impact on environmental performance and operational efficiency in India. The research aims to evaluate the adoption and perceived effectiveness of these practices from a stakeholder perspective. The study is based on primary data collected from a sample of 320 respondents using a structured questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and mean comparison techniques were employed using IBM SPSS Statistics to analyze the data, along with simple linear regression for impact assessment. the findings reveal that both green and sustainable logistics practices positively influence environmental performance and operational efficiency. However, sustainable logistics practices are perceived to be more comprehensive and effective, demonstrating a stronger impact on both dimensions. Green logistics practices show a significant contribution to environmental performance, while sustainable logistics practices provide a balanced approach by integrating environmental, economic, and social factors. The results also indicate a noticeable difference in stakeholder perception, with sustainable logistics practices being more favorably evaluated. the study contributes to the literature in Supply Chain Management and Sustainability by offering a comparative perspective on logistics practices. It provides practical implications for organizations, policymakers, and supply chain professionals by emphasizing the need to adopt integrated sustainability strategies. The findings highlight that transitioning from green logistics to sustainable logistics is essential for achieving long-term operational efficiency and environmental responsibility.