A Comprehensive Review of Power Consumption in Digital Logic Circuits at Ultra-Low Subthreshold CMOS Levels

In the anticipated spectrum, a lot of work has gone into managing the trade-offs between power, location, and efficiency in the moderate efficiency, moderate power region. However, research into the extremities of this spectrum remains restricted. In particular, there hasn’t been enough research done on the extremes of extraordinarily low power consumption with appropriate efficiency and extraordinary efficiency with energy that is within realistic bounds. In this work, very low subthreshold power levels are used to study the power consumption characteristics of digital logic circuits in static Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) devices. The study shows that operating transistors below their threshold voltage might result in significant energy savings. This research emphasises the significance of subthreshold design strategies for contemporary electronic circuits that aspire for low-power operation without sacrificing efficiency. The results highlight the potential for significant progress in energy-efficient circuit design and highlight the delicate balance between preserving performance and cutting power usage. As a result, this research adds to our understanding of low-power electronics and provides information that may lead to the development of future technologies that are more efficient and sustainable.