A Comprehensive Review on Nanofuel : Bringing Clean Energy to Reality

In recent years, the depletion of fossil fuels has become a pressing concern with the world’s ever increasing energy demands. The rapid consumption of fossil fuels, such as coal, natural gas, and oil has given rise to significant environmental and economic consequences. These non-renewable energy sources are limited and their extraction as well as usage contributes to pollution, harmful emissions eventually leading to global climate change. To address this challenge, many researchers have been exploring the potential of nanofuel as a secondary energy carrier. Nanofuels are a class of alternative fuels that incorporate nanoparticles to enhance combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and improve overall energy output. This paper presents an innovatory concept of nanofuel wherein the enhancement of the fuel efficacy by suspension of nanoparticles in a liquid carrier is described and major challenges are identified, which urges researchers in materials, chemistry, physics , and engineering to collaborate across disciplines.