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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
-
Paper ID:
IJSREM65996
Volume:
10 |
7 |
Jul 2026
Pages:
1-6
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
Rayat Bahra School of Sciences
Rayat Bahra University (Mohali Campus)
Nanotechnology refers to the design, manipulation, and application of materials and structures at the nanoscale, typically with at least one dimension ranging from 1 to 100 nm. At this scale, materials exhibit unique physicochemical properties that differ significantly from those of their bulk counterparts owing to quantum confinement effects, increased surface-area-to-volume ratio, and altered surface characteristics. These distinctive properties enable nanoparticles to exhibit enhanced electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical, and catalytic behaviours, making them highly valuable across diverse fields, including biotechnology, medicine, electronics, energy, and environmental science. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the classification, synthesis, and applications of nanoparticles. In recent years, nanoparticles have gained considerable attention because of their broad range of applications, including biomedical therapies, targeted drug delivery, antimicrobial coatings, cancer treatment, biosensors, optical devices, catalysis, solar energy conversion, solid oxide fuel cells, rechargeable batteries, cosmetics, textiles, and environmental remediation. Their exceptional properties, such as high surface reactivity, superior thermal conductivity, excellent catalytic efficiency, enhanced antibacterial activity, and remarkable oxidative stability, have further accelerated their use in advanced technological applications. Nanoparticles can be synthesized using two major approaches: chemical and biological methods. This review also highlights the classification of nanoparticles, their cellular interactions, and the underlying mechanisms involved in their biological synthesis.
KEYWORDS
Nanoparticle architectures possess unique and remarkable physicochemical properties that have attracted significant attention across a wide range of scientific and technological fields. They play a pivotal role in advancing modern science by offering innovative solutions for energy conservation, environmental management, clinical medicine, and sustainable agriculture. Their ability to improve the stability, solubility, bioavailability, and targeted delivery of biologically active compounds highlights their transformative potential in biomedical and industrial applications. Despite these advances, further research is required to scale up green synthesis processes, achieve precise control over nanoparticle morphology and physicochemical properties, and expand their integration into personalized medicine, advanced biomedical technologies, and sustainable industrial manufacturing. Continued progress in these areas is expected to accelerate the development of safer, more efficient, and environmentally sustainable nanomaterials for future applications.
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Publication Date
7/10/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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