A Critical Review of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers

Organic fertilizers these are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. They can support soil health by reducing erosion and nutrient runoff. However, improper use of organic fertilizers can lead to plant nutrient deficiencies or toxicities, salt burn, and water pollution while inorganic fertilizers are synthetically derived chemicals and minerals from the earth. They provide nutrients that plants can access quickly. However, prolonged use of inorganic fertilizers can lead to soil degradation, soil acidity or alkalization, and environmental pollution. Organic fertilizer references can be observed in the Vrikshayurveda also which is ancient Indian science. This review paper summarizes effect of chemical and organic fertilizers on soil and its physical properties. The use of chemical or organic fertilizer alone has both positive & negative effects on soil characteristics, plant growth (yield) and nutrient presence. The combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures improved the physical properties and available nutrient status in soils.