A Detailed Study on Disintegrating Agents and an Overview on Oral Disintegration Tablet

– Nowadays, the administration of drugs through the oral route is becoming less common, accounting for only about 75% of all drug administrations compared to other routes. A new type of dosage form called oral disintegrating tablets has gained popularity in recent decades due to their rapid disintegration and dissolution. These tablets disintegrate in the mouth within seconds (25-40 seconds) without the need for water, as the oral mucosa alone is sufficient for the tablet to dissolve. The selection of a suitable disintegrating agent is crucial to achieve optimal bioavailability. A preparation may contain one or multiple disintegrating agents to ensure maximum disintegration and bioavailability. These tablets are also known as Oro disintegration tablets. Disintegrating agents are rarely used in solid unit dosage forms, typically comprising only 1-10% of the total dosage unit. The use of super disintegrates in these tablets enhances the drug’s efficacy by promoting rapid dissolution. Various disintegrating agents, super disintegrates, and excipients are employed in the formulation of oral disintegrating tablets. This review article provides an overview of different types of disintegrates, including natural, polymer, and synthetic ones, as well as formulation methods, applications, and various parameters of oral disintegrating tablets. These tablets are particularly well-liked by pediatric patients and those who prefer generic medications. Oral disintegrating tablets are highly preferred in the treatment of dysphagia and oral disorders among patients.