A Grid-Interactive Hybrid Fuel Cell and Battery Storage Power Management System Station for EV Charging

The proposed hybrid fuel cell and battery storage power management system for grid-interactive electric vehicle charging stations provides an efficient and sustainable solution for addressing the increasing demand for reliable EV charging infrastructure. By integrating photovoltaic generation, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), and utility grid support within a unified framework, the system successfully overcomes challenges associated with renewable intermittency, storage limitations, and dynamic charging requirements. The decentralized energy management strategy enables intelligent coordination among multiple energy sources, ensuring optimal power sharing and uninterrupted charging operation under varying operating conditions. The implementation of adaptive control mechanisms and Line Resistance Corrected Droop Control significantly improved load distribution accuracy, DC bus voltage regulation, and overall system stability. Battery storage effectively handled transient load variations, while fuel cells provided long-duration energy support, thereby reducing storage stress and extending battery lifespan. Experimental and simulation analyses demonstrated stable operation during grid-connected and islanded modes, with improved renewable energy utilization and reduced dependency on conventional utility infrastructure.  Furthermore, the system maintained acceptable power quality performance with low harmonic distortion and near-unity power factor operation. Intelligent coordination between renewable generation and hybrid storage resources improved charging continuity during renewable fluctuations and grid disturbances. Overall, the proposed hybrid charging framework offers enhanced reliability, scalability, sustainability, and operational flexibility, making it a promising solution for future smart charging infrastructure and large-scale transportation electrification initiatives.

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