A Hybrid Authentication Approach Integrating Distributed Ledger and Smart Code Technologies to Combat Counterfeiting

The abstract introduces the growing issue of counterfeit products affecting global supply chains and consumer safety. It states that traditional methods—like barcodes, holograms, and watermarks—are increasingly ineffective due to technological advancements in forgery. To address this, the paper proposes a hybrid authentication framework combining the security of blockchain with the convenience and accessibility of QR codes (smart codes). It summarizes the methodology, highlights real-world examples, and touches on the system’s benefits, including enhanced traceability, consumer trust, and tamper-resistance. The abstract concludes by noting the paper’s focus on methodology, performance evaluation, future scope, and supporting case studies.