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Paper ID:IJSREM68315

A Lightweight Dual-Layer Framework for Image Protection Using DWT-DCT Watermarking and Lossless Chained XOR Secret Sharing

Stream/Area:

-

Subject:

-

Paper ID:

IJSREM68315

Volume:

10 |

10 |

Oct 2026

Pages:

1-7

Publication Frequency:

Monthly (12 issues per year)

DOI
Digital Object Identifier
10.55041/IJSREM68315

License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.

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Authors

AM

AARADHNA MISHRA

Department of Mathematics, Govt. N.P.G. College of Science, Raipur, (C.G.), India

Govt. N.P.G. College of Science, Raipur, (C.G.), India

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MSG

M. S. Gupta

Department of Mathematics, Govt. N.P.G. College of Science, Raipur, (C.G.), India

Govt. N.P.G. College of Science, Raipur, (C.G.), India

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Abstract

Ensuring digital image security over public networks requires both content privacy during transmission and verifiable ownership after recovery. Standard watermarking proves ownership but leaves image content exposed, while secret sharing conceals the visual content but cannot track ownership once shares are merged. To resolve both limitations, this paper presents a practical dual-layer security framework. First, an imperceptible watermark is embedded into the host image using a hybrid Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) approach. Second, the watermarked image is split into uninformative shares using a lightweight chained Exclusive-OR (XOR) secret sharing scheme. Experimental results demonstrate that the watermarked image maintains high perceptual fidelity with minimal distortion and effectively survives common signal processing attacks. The generated shares exhibit noise-like random properties with zero-pixel expansion, and combining all shares achieves exact lossless reconstruction with zero error in low computational time. Consequently, the framework provides a robust and efficient solution for secure multimedia distribution.

KEYWORDS

Digital Image Watermarking Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) Visual Secret Sharing Chained XOR Operations Lossless Reconstruction.

Cite This Article

AARADHNA MISHRA, M. S. Gupta, "A Lightweight Dual-Layer Framework for Image Protection Using DWT-DCT Watermarking and Lossless Chained XOR Secret Sharing," International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1-7, Oct 2026. https://doi.org/10.55041/IJSREM68315

Full Article/Conclusion

In this work, a hybrid image security framework combining blind DWT-DCT watermarking with chained XOR-based secret sharing was developed and evaluated. The experimental findings confirm that the framework provides strong visual imperceptibility while retaining high watermark extraction accuracy against common transmission distortions, compression, and geometric cropping. Additionally, the secret sharing layer reliably masks the host content into pseudorandom noise shares with flat intensity distributions, ensuring high resistance against statistical cryptanalysis without leaking secret details. Recombining the shares guarantees exact lossless recovery with minimal computational overhead, making the entire pipeline practical and effective for secure image storage, copyright verification, and real-time transmission.

References

[1]    Gupta, A. K. Singh, C. N. Lee, and R. Buyya, "Secure data storage and sharing techniques for data protection in cloud environments: A systematic review, analysis, and future directions," IEEE Access, vol. 10, 2022, pp. 71247–71277.   [2]    S. C. Huang and C. F. Wang, "The image watermarking technique using visual secret sharing strategy," in 2008 Eighth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, vol. 2, 2008, pp. 190–195.   [3]    I. J. Cox, M. L. Miller, J. A. Bloom, J. Fridrich, and T. Kalker, Digital Watermarking and Steganography, 2nd ed. Burlington, MA, USA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2008.   [4]    P. Singh and R. S. Chadha, "A survey of digital watermarking techniques, applications and attacks," International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), vol. 2, no. 9, 2013, pp. 165–175.   [5]    A. Al-Haj, "Combined DWT-DCT digital image watermarking," Journal of Computer Science, vol. 3, no. 9, 2007, pp. 740–746.   [6]    M. Begum, J. Ferdush, and M. S. Uddin, "A Hybrid robust watermarking system based on discrete cosine transform, discrete wavelet transforms and singular value decomposition," Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, vol. 34, no. 8, 2022, pp. 5856–5867.   [7]    M. Naor and A. Shamir, "Visual cryptography," in Advances in Cryptology — EUROCRYPT '94, ser. LNCS, vol. 950. Berlin: Springer, 1995, pp. 1–12.   [8]    D. Wang, L. Zhang, N. Ma, and X. Li, "Two secret sharing schemes based on Boolean operations," Pattern Recognition, vol. 40, no. 10, 2007, pp. 2776–2785.   [9]    R. Munir, "Comparison of secret color image sharing based on XOR operation in RGB and YCbCr color model," in 2017 6th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI), 2017, pp. 1–6.   [10]  O. B. Chanu and A. Neelima, "A survey paper on secret image sharing schemes," International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval, vol. 8, no. 4, 2019, pp. 195–215.

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Publication Date

10/26/2026

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Review Rounds: 2

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