A Review: AI Integrated Solar System for Vaccine and Food Storage

The reliability of the cold chain for preserving vaccines and perishable food products is a critical global challenge, particularly in remote and off-grid regions where dependence on an unstable grid or fossil fuels is unsustainable and impractical [2]. This paper addresses this challenge by proposing and analyzing a novel, sustainable system: an Artificial Intelligence (AI) integrated solar-powered cold storage system with optimized energy storage [4]. The core system utilizes Photovoltaic (PV) solar power as a clean, decentralized energy source. To counteract the inherent variability of solar energy, the system incorporates advanced energy storage. This includes Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for effective latent heat storage and thermal regulation across diverse temperature ranges required for food and pharmaceuticals, as well as optimized ice storage modes or Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) [6]. The innovation lies in the deep integration of Artificial Intelligence techniques, such as Machine Learning and Deep Learning models (e.g., LSTM and CNN-LSTM) [7]. AI is leveraged to optimize system performance through accurate solar irradiance and PV output forecasting, enabling smarter energy dispatch, and facilitating overall operational control and efficiency [9]. This intelligent management is crucial for suppressing PV fluctuations, ensuring a stable cooling capacity, and enhancing the economic viability and efficiency compared to traditional utility-electric systems [1].