A Review on Analysis of Performance Evaluation of Structural Concrete Incorporating Fly Ash, GGBS, and Recycled Aggregates for Sustainable Construction

Old concrete from building and demolition work creates big environmental problems around the world. This study looks at a better, more eco-friendly way to reuse that waste by mixing recycled concrete pieces (called RCA) with a material called activated fly ash (AFA) to make new concrete.In the lab, different concrete mixes were tested to check their strength, durability, and environmental impact. The mixes used different amounts of recycled concrete (from 0% to 100%) and fly ash that was treated with special chemicals (sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate).Here’s what the tests showed:Using recycled concrete alone (especially above 60%) made the concrete weaker.But adding 25% activated fly ash helped recover most of the lost strength—making it almost as strong as regular concrete.Concrete with AFA also lasted longer and resisted damage from chemicals and salt (chlorides) better.It was also much better for the environment:43% less carbon emissions ,30% less water pollution, 29% less use of non-renewable energy.A method called TOPSIS was used to compare all the options, and it showed that mixes with activated fly ash had the best balance of strength and sustainability