A Review on IoT- Based Agriculture Robot : Seed Sowing, Fertilizer Spraying , and Grass Cutting Automation For Precision Farming

While agriculture remains the core of the Indian economy, there are still issues like lack of manpower, higher production costs, and lower mechanization in small and marginal farms. In this regard, this paper describes the development of a multifunctional agricultural robot that can perform planting, pesticide application, and mechanical weed removal tasks from a single platform. The robot operates using a drivetrain with 4-wheel drive using 12V DC battery power source. For the planting module, it utilizes a disc rotary metering system, whereas the pesticide application module makes use of a 12V DC diaphragm pump. For the mechanical weed removal task, a rotating blade system is used for the task. Experimental testing of the prototype in loamy soils showed an efficiency of 92% during seeding, an efficient spray coverage of 88%, and mechanical weed removal efficiency of 85%. On average, it required less than 40% of manual labor than existing systems, which results in an economical payback period of about 2-3 cropping seasons.