Dynamics of Computer Virus Propagation on Complex Networks: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Modeling computer virus propagation on complex networks has evolved from simple homogeneous differential equations to modern topological and spectral graph frameworks. The discovery of the vanishing epidemic threshold in scale-free topologies revealed fundamental vulnerabilities in digital infrastructure, proving that uniform defenses are inadequate. Effective malware containment requires leveraging graph structure through targeted hub immunization, spectral radius suppression, and dynamic quarantine mechanisms. As digital networks grow more complex, multi-layered, and temporal, containment modeling must adapt to protect future infrastructure against intelligent malware threats.

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