A Review on Study of Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Copper Slag and Cement with GGBS

The preservation of the environment and the conservation of natural resources are essential. The rapid expansion of industrialization has led to the production of a significant number of wastes in the industrial sectors, Copper slag and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) are industrial by-product materials produced from the process of manufacturing copper and iron. By utilizing materials that are typically regarded as waste products, such as copper slag and GGBS use of these materials not only lowers construction costs but also lessens their negative environmental effects. In this study, partial replacement of Sand with Copper Slag and Cement with GGBS was taken into consideration. The attributes of concrete have been evaluated by partially replacing cement with GGBS and sand with Copper Slag in an experimental study to analyse the workability and strength characteristics of hardened concrete. For the M25 mix, the cement has been proportionately replaced by GGBS in the following ranges: 0% (without GGBS), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of cement. For the M25 mix, the copper slag has taken the place of the sand in the following proportions: 0% (without copper slag), 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of cement. Concrete mixtures were created, tested, and compared to standard concrete in terms of compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength.