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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
-
Paper ID:
IJSREM67977
Volume:
10 |
10 |
Oct 2026
Pages:
1-5
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
Computer Science and Engineering
Compucom Institute of Technology and Management
Computer Science and Engineering
Compucom Institute of Technology and Management
Computer Science and Engineering
Compucom Institute of Technology and Management
Compliance audits against frameworks such as ISO/IEC 27001, PCI DSS, SOC 2, and NIST CSF are typically conducted independently of technical vulnerability assessment and penetration testing, producing two disconnected risk narratives: a documentation-based compliance view and a CVSS-based technical view. This gap allows controls to be reported “implemented” on audit checklists while remaining technically exploitable, and causes remediation resources to be prioritized inconsistently. This paper proposes the Vulnerability-Aligned Compliance Audit Framework (VACAF), which maps technical finding categories (CWE) to compliance control objectives (principally ISO/IEC 27001 Annex A) and computes a Risk-Weighted Compliance Score (RWCS) that combines documented control maturity with technical severity (CVSS). VACAF is embedded within the standard plan–fieldwork–reporting audit lifecycle so that it can be adopted without redesigning existing audit methodology. Using an illustrative, simulated case study, this paper demonstrates that RWCS-based prioritization redirects attention toward control areas where documentation weaknesses and severe technical exposure coincide — notably vulnerability management and network security — more effectively than compliance-only or CVSS-only prioritization used in isolation. The paper discusses the practical implications, limitations of the illustrative evaluation, and directions for empirical validation.
KEYWORDS
This paper presented VACAF, a framework for integrating technical vulnerability intelligence into compliance audits through a control-to-vulnerability mapping model and a Risk-Weighted Compliance Score, embedded within the standard audit lifecycle. Demonstrated on an illustrative case study, RWCS-based prioritization redirected attention toward control areas where documentation weaknesses and severe technical exposure coincide, correcting a blind spot in both compliance-only and CVSS-only prioritization. The results reported here are illustrative rather than empirical; future work includes validating VACAF against real, anonymized, multi-cycle audit data, extending the mapping table to full coverage of ISO/IEC 27001 Annex A and to other frameworks (NIST CSF, PCI DSS, SOC 2), and exploring semi-automated mapping using vulnerability-scanner taxonomies and cautious LLM-assisted classification.
[1] ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — Information security management systems — Requirements, ISO, Geneva, 2022. [2] National Institute of Standards and Technology, “The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0,” NIST CSWP 29, Feb. 2024. [3] National Institute of Standards and Technology, “Security and Privacy Controls for Information Systems and Organizations,” NIST SP 800-53, Rev. 5, 2020. [4] PCI Security Standards Council, “Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, Version 4.0,” 2022. [5] AICPA, “2017 Trust Services Criteria for Security, Availability, Processing Integrity, Confidentiality, and Privacy (SOC 2),” revised 2022. [6] Verizon, “2024 Data Breach Investigations Report,” Verizon Business, 2024. [7] IBM Security, “Cost of a Data Breach Report 2024,” IBM Corporation, 2024. [8] D. McQuade, “Leveraging Large Language Models for Security-Focused Code Reviews,” SANS Technology Institute Graduate Student Research, 2025. [9] R. Wehe, “Out-of-Band Defense: Securing VPNs from Password-Spray Attacks with Cloud Automation,” SANS Technology Institute Graduate Student Research, 2025. [10] J. Mull, “From Crash to Compromise: Unlocking the Potential of Windows Crash Dumps in Offensive Security,” SANS Technology Institute Graduate Student Research, 2025.
Publication Date
10/14/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest related to this research work.
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