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ArticlePeer ReviewedOpen AccessPlagiarism Passed
Paper ID:IJSREM10775

Achieving High Availability with Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service

Stream/Area:

-

Subject:

-

Paper ID:

IJSREM10775

Volume:

5 |

10 |

Oct 2021

Pages:

1-15

Publication Frequency:

Monthly (12 issues per year)

DOI
Digital Object Identifier
10.55041/IJSREM10775

License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.

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Authors

VRG

VENKATA RAMANA GUDELLI

Independent Researcher

Independent Researcher,Brambleton, VA, USA

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Abstract

The rapid adoption of cloud-native architectures has transformed the way organizations deploy highly available, resilient, and scalable applications. Among the leading container orchestration platforms, Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) provides a fully managed Kubernetes environment that simplifies cluster management while enabling dynamic resource provisioning, automated workload scheduling, and seamless scalability. However, achieving high availability in Amazon EKS requires careful optimization of cluster architecture, node provisioning strategies, auto-scaling policies, networking, and fault-tolerance mechanisms to ensure continuous application availability under varying workloads and failure conditions. This paper examines the key architectural components that influence the availability and performance of Amazon EKS deployments. Specifically, it investigates cluster configuration best practices, Pod Disruption Budgets (PDBs), Horizontal Pod Autoscaling (HPA), Vertical Pod Autoscaling (VPA), Cluster Autoscaling, node group management, and multi-Availability Zone and multi-region failover strategies. The study also explores techniques for improving workload resilience, minimizing service disruptions, and optimizing resource utilization to support the deployment of highly available cloud-native applications.

KEYWORDS

Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) Kubernetes Cloud-Native Computing High Availability Auto Scaling Fault Tolerance Cluster Optimization Service Mesh Load Balancing Workload Scheduling.

Cite This Article

VENKATA RAMANA GUDELLI, "Achieving High Availability with Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service," International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 1-15, Oct 2021. https://doi.org/10.55041/IJSREM10775

Full Article/Conclusion

Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS) high availability demands architectural, operational, and security considerations. Results show that Kubernetes cluster durability and performance under different workloads need multi-region failover, intelligent auto-scaling, and adequate networking. Cluster auto-scaler updates and vertical and horizontal autoscaling rules improve resource efficiency and computational overhead. High Kubernetes availability requires security. Least privilege enforcement, automatic certificate rotation, RBAC, and encryption reduce data breaches, compliance violations, and illegal access. AWS KMS, Secrets Manager, and service mesh-based mutual TLS authentication safeguarded cluster communication. Observability and performance benchmarking are critical for proactive system monitoring and resilience engineering. Companies use Prometheus and Grafana for metric collecting, Fluentd and OpenTelemetry for distributed tracing, and chaos engineering frameworks for fault injection to foresee and correct issues. These methods improve enterprise MTTR, downtime, and predictability. Industry case studies prove EKS installation works. Kubemetes' scalability, dependability, and affordability aid financial institutions, healthcare, e-commerce, and telecoms. Plenty of choice Best Kubernetes practices decrease latency, infrastructure costs, and downtime. Many themes are developing for Kubemetes' high availability. Rethinking workload orchestration with serverless Kubernetes solutions like AWS Fargate for EKS simplifies infrastructure administration and resource utilization. Without node provisioning, organizations can develop quickly and inexpensively. Kubernetes-based edge computing for latency-sensitive applications including real-time analytics, 10T device orchestration, and 5G network optimization is another trend. K3s and MicroK8s at the network edge and centralized multi-cluster control planes enable regionally distributed high availability with minimal latency. Istio, Linkerd, and Consul enhance interservice communication, traffic routing, and security. Massive Kubernetes systems benefit from progressive traffic shifting, zero-downtime rolling deployments, and autonomous circuit breaking. Another achievement is Kubernetes monitoring system machine learning-driven anomaly detection and predictive maintenance. Al-powered observability frameworks can identify infrastructure deterioration, forecast resource congestion, and automate preemptive scaling to avert failures and enhance workload allocation. Kubernetes high availability optimization has improved, however Al-driven auto-scaling and self-healing clusters need research. Traditional auto-scaling ümresholds disregard non-linear workloads, traffic surges, and unexpected failures. Analysis of reinforcement learning-based scaling algorithms that dynamically adjust cluster capacity in real time utilizing historical data, prediction analytics, and workload demand predictions. Kubernetes clusters that self-heal are another autonomous infrastructure management frontier. Complexities may prevent human intervention or failover. Al-driven failure detection, automatic node repair, and intelligent fault recovery can identify abnormalities, problematic nodes, shift workloads, and take real-time remedial action in Kubernetes clusters. Studying genetic algorithms and evolutionary computing for Kubemetes scheduler development is intriguing. Least-loaded node selection schedulers and computationally efficient bin packing are not adaptive. Al-driven evolutionary scheduling models may improve Kubernetes pod placement, inter-node communication cost, and workload allocation. Cross-cluster federation and Al-augmented multi-cluster load balancing are promising research areas. Dynamic workloads need real-time adaptive load balancing in Kubernetes Federation v2. Future Al-powered predictive load distribution models may improve federated cluster job allocation by factoring network latency, computational cost, and failure likelihood. Finally, blockchain-based decentralized cloud orchestration and Kubernetes high availability intrigue. Distributed ledger technology for secure state synchronization, federated identity management, and decentralized resource scheduling may make Kubernetes more resilient to cloud provider outages, security breaches, and infrastructure failures. Blockchain-based Kubernetes topologies may increase fault tolerance, frustless multi-cloud deployments, and data integrity across geographically distant clusters. High availability computing will be defined by Al-driven automation, self-healing infrastructure, and decentralized cloud-native designs as Kubernetes use grows. These improvements may improve Kubernetes workload orchestration, system resilience, and cloud-native application scalability.

References

1.              B. Burns, J. Beda, and K. Hightower, Kubernetes: LIP & Running: Dive into the Future of Infrastructure, 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA, USA: O'Reilly Media, 2019. 2.              D. Merkel, "Docker: Lightweight Linux containers for consistent development and deployment," Linux Journal, vol. 2014, no. 239, pp. 1-8, Mar. 2014. 3.              C. Boettiger, "An introduction to Docker for reproducible research," ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 71-79, Jan. 2015. 4.              T. Desell, "Cloud-based parallelization and analysis of Kubemetes resource allocation algorithms," in Proceedings q/ the 2020 IEEE International Couference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom), Bangkok, Thailand, 2020, pp. 124-131. 5.              L. A. Barroso, U. Hölzle, and P. Ranganathan, The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines, 3rd ed. San Rafael, CA, USA: Morgan & Claypool, 2018. 6.              H. Kang, H. Lee, and S. Lee, "Cloud-native application monitoring system based on Kubemetes," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 223458-223470, 2020. 7.              R. Morabito, "Virtualization on Internet of Things edge devices with container technologies: A performance evaluation," IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 8835-8850, 2017. 8.              M. Coppola, M. Danelutto, and A. Neri, "High availability architectures in cloud computing: Principles and practices," in Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Conference on High Pedormnnce Computing & Simulation (HPCS), Barcelona, Spain, 2020, pp. 17-24. 9.              D. Kourtesis, I. Paraskakis, and J. J. Correia, "Enabling high availability in cloud-native applications using Kubernetes operators," Journal of Cloud Computing: Advances, Systems and Applications, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-15, 2020. 10.          B. Han, V. Gopalakrishnan, L. Ji, and S. Lee, "Network function virtualization: Challenges and opportunities for innovations," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 90-97, Feb. 2015.

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Publication Date

10/27/2021

Peer Review Type

Double-Blind Peer Review

Review Rounds: 2

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