Advancements and Challenges in Hydraulic Suspension Technologies for Half-Axle and Multi- Axle Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review

This review discusses the present developments in hydraulic pressure suspension technology, with a greater focus on half-axle structures used in multiple-axle special vehicles. Most of the critical challenges mentioned include uneven load distribution distortion of vehicle bodies and even stability on uneven surfaces. This paper evaluates some of the major technological developments such as swing-type half-axle designs and various explosion-proof mechanisms to establish how such innovations improve load management and ensure system reliability in challenging environments. The paper has importantly discussed double-pipe and single-spool explosion relief valves in association with cone relief valves and explained their success in preventing potential failures in systems. In summary, it emphasizes the substantial benefits the technologies provide in enhancing stability in vehicles, optimal distribution of loads, and less risk in operation. On the other hand, the paper gives some worthwhile directions for future research, oriented towards further increasing efficiency and safety in suspension systems of heavy-duty vehicles.