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Paper ID:IJSREM68312

An Adaptive Multi-Modal Deep Learning Approach for Real-Time Phishing URL Detection

Stream/Area:

-

Subject:

-

Paper ID:

IJSREM68312

Volume:

10 |

10 |

Oct 2026

Pages:

1-8

Publication Frequency:

Monthly (12 issues per year)

DOI
Digital Object Identifier
10.55041/IJSREM68312

License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.

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Authors

SACHIN SINGH

SACHIN SINGH

COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

SHRI RAM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

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DA

DEEPAK AGRAWAL

COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

SHRI RAM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

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Abstract

In today’s rapidly evolving digital environment, phishing attacks have emerged as a major cybersecurity threat, targeting individuals, organizations, and online services through deceptive websites designed to steal sensitive information such as login credentials, financial details, and personal data. Traditional phishing detection approaches, including blacklists, signature-based methods, and rule-based systems, often struggle to identify newly generated, obfuscated, and previously unseen phishing websites. This research proposes a Multi-Model Deep Learning framework for phishing URL detection using URL, domain, and web content intelligence, with the objective of improving detection accuracy, generalization capability, and robustness against evolving phishing attacks. The research contributes a comprehensive and scalable approach to phishing detection by combining multi-source website intelligence with multi-model deep learning. The proposed framework addresses limitations of conventional URL-only detection techniques and provides a foundation for developing intelligent, adaptive, and real-time phishing detection systems capable of responding to continuously evolving cyber threats.

KEYWORDS

Phishing Detection Phishing URLs Multi-Model Deep Learning URL Intelligence Domain Intelligence Web Content Intelligence Cyber security Deep Learning Machine Learning

Cite This Article

SACHIN SINGH, DEEPAK AGRAWAL, "An Adaptive Multi-Modal Deep Learning Approach for Real-Time Phishing URL Detection," International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1-8, Oct 2026. https://doi.org/10.55041/IJSREM68312

Full Article/Conclusion

Machine Learning algorithms are efficient to do binary classification and to detect the malicious URLs.URL detection using a machine learning model is that it accepts the URL as user input and detects and classifies it as benign or malicious one. Model does binary classification with 99% accuracy. This model can be used in the cyber security domain and to avoid digital attacks by knowing the malicious and benign URLs in prior. Safety measures can be taken if the URL is found malicious. In the future work, we would like to use different feature selection ensembles, clustering algorithms and feature engineering techniques for the hidden feature generation that helps in improving the detection accuracy of the model. Some of the future suggestions are: Need huge quantity of customized, structured training data.Needs rigorous training.To build ready-to-use machine learning models for detection of Malicious URLs.

References

[1]           P. Zhang, A. Oest, H. Cho, Z. Sun, R. Johnson, B. Wardman, S. Sarker, A. Kapravelos, T. Bao, R. Wang, Y. Shoshitaishvili, A. Doupe, and G.-J. Ahn, ‘‘Crawl Phish: Large-scale analysis of client-side cloaking techniques in phishing,’’ in Proc. IEEE Symp. Secur. Privacy (SP), May 2021, pp. 1109–1124. [2]           ENISA. (2021). Cybersecurity for SMEs—Challenges and Recommendations. [Online]. Available: https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/ enisa-report-cybersecurity-for-smes. [3]           Cisco. (2021). Cyber Security Threat Trends: Phishing, Crypto Top the List. [Online]. Available: https://umbrella.cisco.com/info/2021-cybersecurity-threat-trends-phishing-crypto-top-the-list. [4]           M. Alsharnouby, F. Alaca, and S. Chiasson, ‘‘Why phishing still works: User strategies for combating phishing attacks,’’ Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud., vol. 82, pp. 69–82, Oct. 2015. [5]           Anti-Phishing Working Group—APWG. (2022). Phishing Activity Trends Report-1Q. [Online]. Available: https://docs.apwg.org/reports/ apwg_trends_report_q1_2022.pdf. [6]           I. Vayansky and S. Kumar, ‘‘Phishing—Challenges and solutions,’’ Comput. Fraud Secur. vol. 2018, no. 1, pp. 15–20, Jan. 2018. [7]           Y. Cohen, D. Hendler, and A. Rubin, ‘‘Detection of malicious webmail attachments based on propagation patterns,’’ Knowl.-Based Syst., vol. 141, pp. 67–79, Feb. 2018. [8]           J. Yuan, Y. Liu, and L. Yu, ‘‘A novel approach for malicious URL detection based on the joint model,’’ Secur. Commun. Netw. vol. 2021, pp. 1–12, Dec. 2021. [9]           T. Li, G. Kou, and Y. Peng, ‘‘Improving malicious URLs detection via feature engineering: Linear and nonlinear space transformation methods,’’ Inf. Syst., vol. 91, Jul. 2020, Art. no. 101494. C. D. Xuan, H. Dinh, and T. Victor, ‘‘Malicious URL detection based on machine learning,’’ Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 148–153, 2020.

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Publication Date

10/26/2026

Peer Review Type

Double-Blind Peer Review

Review Rounds: 2

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