An Analysis of Insomnia Severity and Gender Differences Among Undergraduate Students: A Descriptive Correlational Study

This study rigorously examined the scope of insomnia problems among 399 undergraduate students in the Ludhiana district, specifically focusing on how these sleep disturbances manifest differently across genders. Through careful multistage random sampling and the systematic exclusion of extreme outliers to preserve statistical integrity, the independent samples t-test revealed a highly significant disparity. Male students reported a mean insomnia score of 50.8150 (SD = 8.55482), which was substantially higher than the female students' mean score of 44.2350 (SD = 7.00608). With a calculated t-ratio of 8.415 and a p-value of 0.000, the data necessitated the definitive rejection of the null hypothesis. The results concurrently demonstrated a significant negative correlation between insomnia severity and implied academic success, while ANOVA findings confirmed that the main effect of gender operated largely independently of specific severity interactions in the low-to-medium tiers. Ultimately, this research affirms that sleep quality is a deeply stratified issue within higher education, requiring targeted, evidence-based campus health policies to adequately support the academic and personal success of male undergraduates.

Raj, S. (2025), A Study of Nomophobic Behaviour, Insomniac Problems and Smartphone Addiction Among Undergraduate Students and Its Impact on Their Academic Performance. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Kumar, R. S., & Kumar, K. S. (2019). Prevalence of insomnia and sleep pattern among MBBS students of Stanley Medical College, Chennai. International Journal of Community Medicine Public Health, 6(3), 1057. Jo, Ha-Na, Kweon, Young-Seok, & Lee, Seo-Hyun (2024).EEG spectral Analysis in Gray Zone Between Healthy and Insomnia.https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.09875v1 Uygur, Ö., Kandeger, A., Pınar, Ö., & Erdoğan, E. (2024).The Association between Smartphone Addiction, Type D Personality Traits and Insomnia in University Students. Van Tıp Dergisi, 31(2). Veerapu, N., Baer Philip, R. K., Vasireddy, H., Gurrala, S., & Kanna, S. T. (2019). A study on nomophobia and its correlation with sleeping difficulty and anxiety among medical students in a medical college, Telangana. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 6(5), 2074–2076. https://doi.org/10. 18203/ 2394-6040.ijcmph20191821 Rosen, L. D., Carrier, L. M., Miller, A. Rokkum, J., & Ruiz, A. (2016). Sleeping with technology: cognitive, affective, and technology usage predictors of sleep problems among college students. Sleep Health, 2(1), 49–56. https://doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2015. 11.003. Mondal, G., Bajaj, V., Goyal, B. L., & Mukherjee, N. (2018). Prevalence of sleep disorders and severity of insomnia in psychiatric outpatients attending a tertiary level mental health care facility in Punjab, India. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 32, 8-13. Telgote, S. A., Ghogare, A. S., Khadse, V., & Karwande, S. G. (2021). Smartphone Addiction and its Impact on Insomnia among the Undergraduate Medical Students of a Teaching Hospital of Maharashtra, India: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 15(12), 1-5. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2021/ 52819.15753 Al-Battashi, N., Al-Omari, O., Sawalha, M., Al-Maktoumi, S., Alsuleitini, A., & Al- Qadire M. (2020). The Relationship Between Smartphone Use, Insomnia, Stress, and Anxiety Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clinical Nursing Research, 30(6), 734-740. doi:10.1177/1054773820983161