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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
-
Paper ID:
IJSREM67414
Volume:
10 |
9 |
Sep 2026
Pages:
1-11
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
Civil Engineering
SSCET Badhani
Civil Engineering
SSCET Badhani
The performance of civil engineering structures largely depends on the strength and stability of the supporting soil. Clayey soils often exhibit undesirable engineering characteristics, including low shear strength, high plasticity, excessive compressibility, and significant shrink-swell behavior, which may lead to structural distress. Improving these properties through sustainable stabilization techniques has become an important area of geotechnical research. The use of industrial by-products and synthetic reinforcing materials not only enhances soil performance but also supports environmentally responsible construction practices by reducing industrial waste. The present investigation focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of copper slag and nylon fiber as stabilizing materials for clayey soil. Copper slag, an industrial by-product obtained from the copper smelting process, is used at 10%, 20%, and 30% by the dry weight of soil, whereas nylon fiber is incorporated at 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%. The untreated soil is considered as the reference sample to assess the improvement achieved after stabilization. The study is carried out through a systematic experimental program following relevant Indian Standard testing procedures. Laboratory investigations include the determination of index properties, compaction characteristics, and engineering properties of the stabilized soil. Tests such as Specific Gravity, Atterberg Limits, Standard Proctor Compaction, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) are performed to evaluate the influence of different combinations of copper slag and nylon fiber. The experimental results are analyzed to determine the optimum dosage that provides maximum improvement in the engineering behavior of the soil. The incorporation of copper slag is expected to improve the density, load-bearing capacity, and strength of the soil due to its granular nature, while nylon fiber is anticipated to enhance ductility, reduce crack formation, and improve resistance to deformation under loading. The combined effect of these stabilizers is expected to produce a stronger and more durable stabilized soil suitable for subgrade, embankment, and foundation applications. In addition to improving engineering performance, this study encourages the productive utilization of industrial waste, thereby contributing to sustainable infrastructure development and environmental conservation. The findings are expected to provide a practical and economical stabilization technique for the effective treatment of problematic clayey soils.
KEYWORDS
On the basis of above-obtained experimental results and discussions, the following conclusions can be drawn; · In this study, a series of standard Proctor test, unconfined compression strength test and the California Bearing Ratio test was carried out to calibrate the effect of two stabilizers additives namely Copper Slag and Nylon Fiber on the clayey soil sample. The results showed that Copper Slag and Nylon Fiber could improve the UCS, California Bearing Ratio of clayey soil sample. · The different percentages of Copper Slag and Nylon Fiber used in this study were 10%, 20% & 30% and 0.5%, 1.0% & 1.5%. Finally, the value of Nylon Fiber varies from 0.5 to 1.0% at the interval of 0.25% with the fixed quantity of Copper Slag 20% to clayey soil. The addition of the fixed quantity of Copper Slag 20% with changing the content of Nylon Fiber decreases the value of optimum moisture content and increase the value of maximum dry density. · The optimum value of Copper Slag used in this research was 20% because the maximum value of UCS was found at 20%. The UCS value increases with an increase of Nylon Fiber content along with a fixed quantity of Copper Slag. It increased 2.29 times from the untreated soil. · Based on the unconfined compression strength test results, the value of UCS increases from 170.30kN/m² to 390kN/m² with addition of copper slag and Nylon Fiber. · The Maximum value of California Bearing Ratio test was found at copper slag 20% and Nylon Fiber 1.0%.
1. H.N Sridhar (2026) “Enhancing the properties of lateritic soil using industrial waste as an alternative to cement in pavement construction”. Sridhar et al. Discover Materials. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-025-00443-z (2026). 2. Dhanasingh SivalingaVijayan (2026) “Engineering Performance of Copper Slag in Sustainable Construction: A Systematic Review”. Buildings MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16091849. Buildings 2026, 16, 1849 3. H.N Sridhar (2026) “Machine learning framework for predicting and improving the unconfined compressive strength and california bearing ratio of lateritic soil stabilized with industrial wastes”. Sridhar et al. Discover Sustainability (2026), 7:28 https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-02366-4. 4. Kashyap Warikoo, Hemant S. Chore (2023) “Soil Stabilization Using Copper slag and Cement as Additives”. International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJERMCE), Vol 10, Issue 7, July 2023 5. K. Venkata Surya Sandeep, Ch. Sivanarayana (2022) “An Experimental Study on Stabilization of Expansive Soil by Copper Slag”. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538 Volume 10 Issue XI Nov 2022. 6. Manish Kumar Jha, Mahesh Ram Patel (2022) “Enhancement of Various Properties of Soil and Stabilization of Soil Using Copper Slag and GGBS”. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538 Volume 10 Issue VI June 2022. 7. Hussain Jalal Aswad Hassan (2021) “Effects of Plastic Waste Materials on Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil”. Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology (2021) 8:390–413. 8. P. Bharath Goud, D. Sruthi Laya (2020) “Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil with Copper Slag and Rice Husk Ash”. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2017): 7.296. 9. Adla Prathyusha, Harish kumar (2020) “Experimental Study on the Suitability of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Red Soil for Highway Construction”. 2020 IJRTI | Volume 5, Issue 1 | ISSN: 2456-3315. Anuj tomar, Tarun Sharma (2019) “Strength properties and durability of clay soil treated with mixture of nano silica and polypropylene fibre”. Elsevier, 25 December 2019.
Publication Date
9/23/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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