An IoT Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Walkway For Real Time Energy Monitoring

This investigation confirms the operational viability of transforming human ambulation-derived mechanical energy into electrical signals via piezoelectric transduction, with subsequent energy conditioning and accumulation within hybrid battery-supercapacitor arrays. The microprocessor architecture successfully executed concurrent functions encompassing instantaneous electrical metric acquisition and bidirectional communication with cloud-based monitoring infrastructure, delivering comprehensive operational transparency.

[1] L. Atzori et al., “The Internet of Things: A survey,” Computer Networks, 2010. [2] A. Zanella et al., “Internet of Things for smart cities,” IEEE IoT Journal, 2014. [3] Espressif Systems, “ESP32 Technical Reference Manual,” 2023. [4] Blynk Inc., “Blynk IoT Platform Documentation,” 2024. [5] K. Ashton, “That ‘Internet of Things’ thing,” RFID Journal, 2009. [6] M. Haroon and A. Ahmed, “Footsteps Power Generation Using Piezoelectric Energy Harvester,” Spectrum of Engineering Sciences, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 45–54, 2025. [7] S. Safaei, M. A. Sodano, and J. Anton, “Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: A Systematic Review of Reviews,” Machines, vol. 10, no. 12, art. 312, 2022, doi:10.3390/machines10120312. [8] Y. Wang, R. Zhu, and H. Luo, “Recent Advances in Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Technologies for Structural Health Monitoring,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 26470–26485, Mar. 2023, doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3250071. [9] P. Kumar, S. Patel, and M. Singh, “Development of Smart Energy Harvesting Floor Using Piezoelectric Sensors,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 73, pp. 1–9, Apr. 2024, doi:10.1109/TIM.2024.3362714. [10] J. M. P. Perez and L. V. Rodrigues, “Design and Optimization of Piezoelectric Tile for Smart Walkways in Sustainable Cities,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 8834–8845, Apr. 2024, doi:10.1109/JSEN.2024.3372935.