Analysis of Vehicle Dynamics Effects on Electric Vehicle Performance: A Mathematical and Simulation-Based Study

This study examines the impact of vehicle dynamics on electric vehicle (EV) performance, focusing on energy requirement and driving range. Four primary forces—rolling resistance , gradient force ( , aerodynamic drag ( , and inertia resistance ( — are modelled using the tractive force equation = . Detailed theoretical explanations elucidate each force’s physical basis. Numerical calculations for a baseline EV on a 2° uphill slope with zero acceleration are presented, with a comparison table evaluating six values for drag coefficient, vehicle mass, rolling resistance coefficient, and road gradient at 90 km/h. A case with non-zero acceleration illustrates inertia’s impact. Simulink models of vehicle dynamics and resistance forces validate analytical results, providing a robust simulation framework. Results, validated that optimizing these parameters significantly enhances EV performance, guiding sustainable transportation design.