Analyzing Sectoral Composition and State Economic Performance Across Indian States

Economic performance of a region is commonly measured using Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). The structure of an economy is largely determined by the contribution of three major sectors—primary (agriculture), secondary (industry), and tertiary (services). This research paper examines the sectoral composition of selected Indian states, namely Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Rajasthan, to understand variations in economic structure and performance. The study is based on secondary data collected from reliable sources such as MOSPI, RBI, and Statistic Times. A comparative analysis approach is adopted to evaluate sector-wise contributions and identify rural–urban disparities. The findings indicate a significant shift from agriculture to services, with urban areas contributing a major share of GDP. However, rural areas, despite having a large population base, contribute relatively less to economic output. The study highlights the importance of balanced regional development and suggests policy measures to improve rural economic contribution through infrastructure development, industrial diversification, and skill enhancement.