Analyzing the Development and Potential Benefits of Automated Highway Systems: From Concept to Reality

Market forces, cost limits, and other factors require the gradual development of a fully automated highway system (AHS) instead of immediate deployment. Understanding how various AHS functions depend on each other is crucial for effective planning. This paper presents three AHS functional evolution reference models that include both essential and additional functions. These models include lateral motion handling, longitudinal motion handling, obstacle handling, and selected infrastructure support functions. The three models help illustrate the basic needs of autonomous tactical vehicle operation, the advantages of intervehicle communication, and the benefits of infrastructure support. The models highlight the critical requirements for vehicle motion prediction and suggest that while communication and infrastructure support are helpful, they are not essential for a complete AHS. There are also several safety and efficiency gains possible with partial automation or even no automation. These findings can guide priorities and strategies for gradually introducing AHS technology into vehicles and roadways.