Antifungal Activity of Fermented Extracts of Azadirachta indica, Allium sativum, Ocimum tenuiflorum, and Curcuma longa Against Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata

Overall, the study highlights the potential of fermented medicinal plant extracts as environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the management of important plant pathogenic fungi. The enhanced antifungal activity observed following fermentation suggests that microbial biotransformation represents an effective strategy for improving the efficacy of botanical fungicides. Nevertheless, further investigations involving purification of individual bioactive compounds, quantitative metabolomic profiling, greenhouse validation, field evaluation, and toxicity assessment are required before large-scale agricultural application.

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