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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
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Paper ID:
IJSREM67991
Volume:
10 |
10 |
Oct 2026
Pages:
1-5
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
Electronic & Telecommunication Engineering
JSPM Bhivrabai Sawant polytechnic wagholi pune
Electronic & Telecommunication Engineering
JSPM Bhivrabai Sawant polytechnic wagholi pune
Electronic & Telecommunication Engineering
JSPM Bhivrabai Sawant polytechnic wagholi pune
Electronic & Telecommunication Engineering
JSPM Bhivrabai Sawant polytechnic wagholi pune
Accurate timekeeping is an indispensable requirement across domestic environments, educational laboratories, industrial workspaces, and mission-critical embedded systems. Conventional digital timekeeping solutions implemented purely on microcontroller software timers (such as Arduino millis function) suffer from cumulative thermal drift and lose synchronisation immediately whenever primary electrical power is interrupted. This paper presents the comprehensive design and physical implementation of an automated, low-power digital clock system utilising an ATmega328P-based Arduino Uno platform interfaced with a high-precision DS3231 Real-Time Clock (RTC) module. The DS3231 incorporates an internal Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator (TCXO) with an autonomous CR2032 lithium backup battery, guaranteeing high timekeeping accuracy of within ±2 parts per million (ppm) even during mains power outages. Real-time hours, minutes, seconds, calendar date, and ambient room temperature are rendered onto a 16x2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) driven via a PCF8574 I2C backpack. A dedicated push-button user interface facilitates interactive time configuration and programmable alarm parameters, coupled with an active piezo buzzer indicator. Empirical evaluation over continuous operation confirmed clock drift stability within negligible thresholds (< 1 second across seven days), demonstrating the commercial viability, robustness, and cost-efficiency of the prototype.
KEYWORDS
An accurate, cost-effective digital clock system was designed, built, and evaluated. By pairing the ATmega328P microcontroller with the DS3231 TCXO RTC module, the prototype resolves the timing drift and power-loss resets common to microcontroller-based software timers. The integration of a two-wire I2C LCD, multi-state tactile button controls, ambient temperature telemetry, and a loud acoustic alarm creates a practical embedded timekeeping device. Empirical testing over a 7-day period verified clock drift of less than half a second with minimal battery power consumption, validating the system as a dependable embedded platform for home, laboratory, and industrial environments
[1] Maxim Integrated / Analog Devices, "DS3231: Extremely Accurate I2C-Integrated RTC/TCXO/Crystal," DS3231 Datasheet, Rev. 10, Analog Devices Inc., Norwood, MA, USA, Mar. 2015. [2] Microchip Technology, "ATmega328P 8-bit AVR Microcontroller with 32K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash," Datasheet DS40002061B, Microchip Technology Inc., Chandler, AZ, USA, 2018. [3] Adafruit Industries, "RTClib: A fork of JeeLab's fantastic RTC library for Arduino," Adafruit Engineering Documentation, GitHub Repository, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/adafruit/RTClib [4] S. M. Chaware, A. S. Patil, and V. R. Pawar, "Design and Implementation of Digital Clock with Temperature Display using RTC DS3231 and Arduino," International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 2415–2418, May 2020. [5] M. B. Patil and P. S. Mali, "Microcontroller based real time clock with temperature display," International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1120–1123, Apr. 2014. [6] R. K. Kodali and S. Sahu, "An IoT based smart clock," in 2016 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), Jaipur, India, Sep. 2016, pp. 804–809. [7] N. S. Rao, "Digital Clock with Alarm and Temperature Indicator using Arduino and DS3231," International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM), vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 102–106, Jun. 2021. [8] A. K. Sharma and P. K. Singh, "Design and analysis of high precision digital clock using microcontroller and TCXO RTC," Int. J. Embed. Syst. Appl., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 45–52, 2019. [9] V. B. Takale and D. S. Khot, "Embedded system design using Arduino and I2C peripherals for real-time monitoring," Int. J. Adv. Res. Electr. Electron. Instrum. Eng., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1320–1326, 2019. [10] R. Shelke, P. Shirsat, and S. Shirgure, "Comparative study of clock drift in quartz crystals versus temperature-compensated crystal oscillators," Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 210–215, 2021.
Publication Date
10/14/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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The authors declare no conflict of interest related to this research work.
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