Assessing Occupational Safety and Health Practices under Industrial Labour Welfare Measures in Palakkad District

The present study assessed occupational safety and health (OSH) practices among industrial workers in organized manufacturing units of Palakkad District and identified the underlying dimensions influencing industrial labour welfare. The findings indicate that the overall level of OSH practices was significantly higher than the established benchmark, reflecting a positive safety orientation among the surveyed industries. Furthermore, the factor analysis confirmed that occupational safety and health practices are represented by three meaningful dimensions, which together explained more than 70% of the total variance, demonstrating a robust and comprehensive measurement framework. These findings reinforce the importance of integrating safety management, occupational health initiatives, and preventive protective measures as complementary components of labour welfare. From a practical perspective, organizations should strengthen employee participation in safety programmes, periodically review workplace health policies, and continuously improve preventive safety mechanisms to sustain a safe working environment. The study also provides a validated framework that can assist industrial managers and policymakers in designing targeted occupational safety interventions. Future research may extend this framework by including unorganized industries, comparing different industrial sectors or geographical regions, employing longitudinal research designs to examine changes in safety practices over time, or incorporating advanced analytical techniques such as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to validate and expand the proposed occupational safety and health model

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