ATR FTIR Applications in ABO Blood Typing: A Comprehensive Review

The research evaluates how Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy works for determining the ABO blood groups found within dried blood samples. This review executes a systematic assessment of ABO blood typing biochemistry and investigates forensic ATR-FTIR spectroscopy methods together with their ability to separate different blood groups from dried samples. Science shows that ABO blood antigen markers produce distinct spectral indicators which allow proper identification of blood samples under conditions of decay or sample aging. The report addresses current technological developments in addition to ATR-FTIR limitations and challenges and demonstrates how ATR-FTIR might pair with other analytical approaches to achieve better accuracy levels. Forensic investigative blood typing benefits significantly from ATR-FTIR since it serves as a safe fast method which rivals traditional serological procedures particularly when sample security matters highly.