Attachment of Small Molecule with DNA and RNA

The four natural DNA bases A-Adenosine ,T-Thymine, G-Guanine, C-Cytosine are associate in base pairs as (A=T and G≡C), allowing the attached DNA strands to assemble into the canonical double helix of DNA which is duplex of DNA, also known as ℬ-DNA. The intrinsic supramolecular properties of nucleo bases make other associations possible such as base triplets or quartets, which thus translates into a diversity of DNA structures is ripe with approximately 20 letters, (from A- to Z-DNA); however, only a few of them are being considered as key players in cell biology and by extension, valuable targets for chemical biology invention. In the present review, we summarise (1) what is known about alternative DNA structures (2) what are they? (3)When, where and how they fold? These are all proceeded to discuss further and those considered nowadays as valuable therapeutic targets. We discuss in more detail the molecular tools (ligands) that have been recently developed to target these structures. In order to intervene in the biological processes, particularly three and four ways of DNA junctions are involved there. This new and simulating chemical biology playground allows for devising innovative strategies to fight against genetic diseases.