Autism: Causes, Symptoms, and Intervention Strategies – A Theoretical Perspective

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by ongoing difficulties in social communication, along with repetitive and restrictive behaviors. Although much research has been done, the exact causes of ASD remain complex, involving a mix of genetic, neurobiological, cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors. This article aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical review of the main explanations, symptom areas, and intervention strategies related to ASD. It integrates various theoretical perspectives—including biological, cognitive, behavioral, and socio-developmental approaches—to deepen the understanding of autism’s underlying mechanisms. By combining these theories, the paper emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, collaborative efforts among different disciplines, and personalized treatment plans. The article concludes with recommendations for evidence-based practices and future research to better support individuals on the autism spectrum.