Banibutal (Leela Danda): Tradition and Performance in Western Odisha

Banibutal, also known as Leela Danda, is a traditional folk theatre form of Western Odisha. It is performed within the broader cultural setting of Danda Nata and is mainly based on the love story of Radha and Krishna. The performance combines dance, music, songs, dialogue, acting, humour, and traditional stage practices. It is found mainly in parts of Sambalpur, Bargarh, Sundergad, and neighbouring areas of Western Odisha. The central character of Banibutal is Bani, the sister-in-law of Radha. Although Duti acts as a messenger between Radha and Krishna, it is Bani who finally helps them meet. Therefore, her role is central to the development of the story. The performance also includes characters such as Radha, Krishna, Chandrasena, Kutila and Duti. Through these characters, the performance presents love, humour, social relationships and human emotions. This article examines the story, characters, performance style and relationship of Banibutal with Danda Nata. It also discusses the similarities and differences between the two traditions, particularly in relation to folk dance, music, acting, stage presentation, religious practices and social purpose. While Danda Nata has a strong religious and ritual character, Banibutal gives greater importance to entertainment and dramatic presentation. The study argues that Banibutal or Leela Danda is an important part of the intangible cultural heritage of Western Odisha. However, changing social conditions and the decline of traditional performance practices create challenges for its continuity. Proper documentation, research, transmission of traditional knowledge, and participation of younger generations are therefore necessary for its preservation and future development.