Biomass Pellet-Based Power in Infrastructure: A Review on Lifecycle Cost and Sustainability Performance

The shift toward sustainable energy sources is vital for addressing environmental concerns and ensuring future energy security. Biomass pellet-based power generation has emerged as a viable renewable energy option, particularly suited for integration into public infrastructure. This review paper examines the current body of literature concerning the economic, environmental, and practical aspects of implementing biomass pellet energy systems. It emphasizes lifecycle cost analysis (LCCA) by reviewing financial metrics such as Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), while also assessing sustainability indicators like carbon emission reductions and resource optimization. Case studies from existing installations are analyzed to gain insights into operational experiences, challenges, and enabling conditions. By critically evaluating previous research, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential and limitations of biomass pellet systems in infrastructure contexts. The study also highlights existing research gaps and proposes directions for future investigation, with the goal of supporting informed decision-making for sustainable energy planning in line with national clean energy objectives.