Blockchain-Enabled Traceability in Agri-Food Logistics Networks: Systems, Applications, Challenges, and Future Potential

Ensuring traceability, transparency, and quality assurance in Agri-food logistics networks has become essential due to rising food fraud, globalized supply chains, and stringent regulatory standards. Blockchain technology offers a decentralized, tamper-proof, and real-time data-sharing infrastructure that enhances trust and accuracy across the supply chain. This paper investigates the principles, applications, and performance of Blockchain-enabled traceability in Agri-food logistics, focusing on vendor-managed inventory, smart contracts, sensor-embedded supply tracking, and Hyper ledger-based prototypes. Recent trends suggest a 25% rise in Blockchain adoption for post-harvest tracking by 2025. Case analyses of grape and coffee export chains highlight improvements in transparency, compliance, and disruption mitigation. Challenges such as interoperability, cost, data integrity, and scalability are also explored. Recommendations are proposed for effective Blockchain adoption in Indian Agri-food supply systems.