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ArticlePeer ReviewedOpen AccessPlagiarism Passed
Paper ID:IJSREM66938

Cervical cancer: A summary of the diagnostic and risk factors

Stream/Area:

-

Subject:

-

Paper ID:

IJSREM66938

Volume:

10 |

8 |

Aug 2026

Pages:

1-5

Publication Frequency:

Monthly (12 issues per year)

DOI
Digital Object Identifier
10.55041/IJSREM66938

License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.

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Authors

VS

Vandna Sharma

Universal group of institutions

Universal group of institutions

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RA

Ruqia Ashraf

Student

Universal group of institutions

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ANR

Arsalan Nabi Raina

Student

Universal group of institutions

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DVS

Dr Vikas Sharma

Principal

UIMT, Universal group of institutions

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SFW

Shakir Fayaz Wani

Student

Universal group of institutions

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OM

Owais Majeed

Student

Universal group of institutions

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AM

Aqib Mustaq

Student

Universal group of institutions

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SAB

Shahid Ayoub Bhat

Student

Universal group of institutions

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Abstract

Millions of people worldwide are impacted by breast cancer, which is still a complicated and common health issue. This review article provides a thorough examination of the complex field of breast cancer, clarifying the wide range of risk factors that contribute to its development and investigating developments in diagnostic techniques. Numerous risk factors, including genetic predispositions such BRCA mutations, hormonal impacts, lifestyle factors, and reproductive patterns, have been found through a thorough review of recent literature. The complex tapestry of breast cancer etiology also includes age, family history, and environmental variables. Additionally, this study outlines the critical role that diagnostic technologies have in the early detection and treatment of breast cancer.

KEYWORDS

risk factors diagnosis mortality breast cancer and cancer

Cite This Article

Vandna Sharma, Ruqia Ashraf, Arsalan Nabi Raina, Dr Vikas Sharma, Shakir Fayaz Wani, Owais Majeed, Aqib Mustaq, Shahid Ayoub Bhat, "Cervical cancer: A summary of the diagnostic and risk factors," International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 1-5, Aug 2026. https://doi.org/10.55041/IJSREM66938

Full Article/Conclusion

Breast cancer continues to be a major worldwide health issue, affecting millions of people annually. The many risk factors and diagnostic techniques that are essential to comprehending and treating breast cancer have been highlighted in this review, underscoring the disease's complexity. Moreover, advance-ments in diagnostic techniques have significantly improved early detection and treatment outcomes. Mammography is essential for detecting breast cancer in its early stages, allowing for timely intervention and potentially improving patient prognoses. It works in tandem with new technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging and molecular testing. Going forward, it will be crucial to keep researching new risk factors, improving screening techniques, and creating focused treatments.

References

[1]                  Obeagu EI, Babar Q, Vincent CC, et al. Therapeutic targets in breast cancer signaling: a review. J Pharm Res Int. 2021;33:82–99. [2]                  Aizaz M, Khan M, Khan FI, et al. Burden of breast cancer: developing countries perspective. Int J Innov Appl Res. 2023;11:31–7. [3]                  Ibekwe AM, Obeagu EI, Ibekwe CE, et al. Challenges of exclusive breastfeeding among working class women in a teaching hospital South East, Nigeria. J Pharm Res Int. 2022;34:1. [4]                  Sun YS, Zhao Z, Yang ZN, et al. Risk factors and preventions of breast cancer. Int J Biol Sci. 2017;13:1387–97. [5]                  Sinha T. Tumors: benign and malignant. Cancer Ther Oncol Int J. 2018;10:555790. [6]                  Edward U, Obeagu EI, Okorie HM, et al. Studies of serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, and magnesium levels in lactating mothers in Owerri. J Pharm Res Int. 2021;33:209–16. [7]                  Obeagu EI, Ahmed YA, Obeagu GU, et al. Biomarkers of breast cancer: overview. Int J Curr Res Biol Med. 2023;8:8–16. [8]                  Iatrakis G, Zervoudis S. Epidemiology of ductal carcinoma in situ. Chirurgia (Romania). 2021;116(5 Suppl):S15–S21. [9]                  Jagsi R, Mason G, Overmoyer BA, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer defined: proposed common diagnostic criteria to guide treatment and research. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2022;192:235–43. [10]                Pedersen RN, Esen BO, Mellemkjær L, et al. The incidence of breast cancer recurrence 10-32 years after primary diagnosis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2022;114:391–99.

Editorial & Review Transparency

Publication Date

8/25/2026

Peer Review Type

Double-Blind Peer Review

Review Rounds: 2

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2

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3

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5

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