Characterization and Optimization of Mechanical Performance of Natural Fiber Composites for Automobile and Spacecraft Applications

The escalating environmental concerns and the depletion of petroleum resources have intensified research into sustainable and eco-friendly materials. This study focuses on the development, characterization, and optimization of bio composites derived from natural fibers and biopolymers, specifically sisal fiber, palm fiber, corn starch, and glycerol, aimed at enhancing mechanical performance while maintaining environmental sustainability. The mechanical characteristics, including tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, and hardness, were meticulously evaluated. The influence of fiber treatment methods, such as alkali treatment on sisal and palm fibers, was investigated to improve the interfacial bonding between the fibers and the matrix. Additionally, the role of glycerol as a plasticizer in modifying the matrix properties for better flexibility and ductility was thoroughly examined. The study further explores the degradation behaviour and recyclability of the composites, emphasizing their potential as alternatives to conventional plastics in various applications. The findings demonstrate that the optimal composite formulation exhibits significantly improved mechanical properties compared to traditional petroleum-based plastics and untreated natural fiber composites. The enhanced performance is attributed to the effective stress transfer from the matrix to the well-dispersed, surface-treated fibers. This research not only contributes to the body of knowledge on bio-based composites but also paves the way for the development of sustainable materials with applications ranging from automotive to construction, thus offering a promising solution to the pressing environmental challenges.