Comparative Analysis of Alu Architectures Using Majority and Reversible Logic Gates

Arithmetic Logic Units (ALUs) are critical components determining the performance and power efficiency of digital systems. This paper presents a comparative study of ALU architectures designed using reversible logic gates (Peres, Fredkin, and CNOT) and majority logic gates. While reversible logic aims to minimize energy dissipation by avoiding information loss, practical implementations often introduce overhead via garbage outputs. In contrast, majority logic offers a compact structure for efficient Boolean realization. Both designs were synthesized on an FPGA platform using Verilog. The results indicate that the majority-gate-based ALU achieves an 8.0% reduction in logic utilization and a 4.72% reduction in power consumption compared to the reversible-gate-based design. Thus, majority-gate ALUs are better suited for low-power and area-efficient VLSI applications.