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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
-
Paper ID:
IJSREM65535
Volume:
10 |
6 |
Jun 2026
Pages:
1-6
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
Department Of Commerce and Management
Vidyavardhaka First Grade COllege, Mysuru
The liberalization of the Indian insurance sector has transformed the structure and performance of general insurance companies. The entry of private insurers has intensified competition and compelled public insurers to improve efficiency and service quality. This study undertakes a comparative analysis of the financial and operational performance of public and private general insurance companies in India. The study uses secondary data collected from annual reports of insurance companies and publications of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) over a ten-year period. Performance is evaluated using key indicators such as net premium growth, incurred claim ratio, expense ratio, combined ratio, solvency ratio, and return on equity. The findings indicate that private insurers outperform public insurers in profitability and expense management, while public insurers exhibit higher claim settlement responsibility and wider social coverage. The study offers important insights for policymakers, regulators, and insurance managers.
KEYWORDS
The comparative performance evaluation of public and private general insurance companies in India reveals clear ownership-based differences in financial and operational outcomes. Private insurers outperform public insurers in terms of profitability, expense management, underwriting efficiency, and capital utilization. In contrast, public insurers continue to play a crucial role in social insurance coverage, financial inclusion, and claim settlement reliability. The study concludes that while private insurers drive efficiency and innovation, public insurers ensure stability and inclusiveness in the insurance sector. Policy initiatives should focus on improving underwriting discipline, cost efficiency, and technological adoption in public insurers, while ensuring fair competition and consumer protection across the industry. Strengthening governance frameworks and performance accountability will be essential for the sustainable growth of the Indian general insurance sector.
· Cummins, J. D., & Weiss, M. A. (2014). Systemic risk and the insurance sector. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 81(3), 489–528. · Gupta, P., & Sharma, D. (2019). Public versus private insurance companies: A comparative study. Indian Journal of Finance, 13(4), 27–39. · Malik, S. (2011). Financial performance of insurance companies in India. World Applied Sciences Journal, 14(7), 1028–1033. · Rao, S., & Kannan, R. (2018). Efficiency analysis of Indian general insurance companies. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 23(2), 215–230. · Sharma, V., & Mehta, P. (2021). Capital adequacy and profitability in Indian insurance companies. Asian Journal of Finance. · Swiss Re Institute. (2022). World Insurance Report. · Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India. Annual Reports.
Publication Date
6/26/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest related to this research work.
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