Comprehensive Management of Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder characterized by progressive cartilage loss, chronic pain, and functional impairment. Effective management requires a multifaceted approach tailored to the disease stage, symptom severity, and individual patient needs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current evidence-based strategies for managing knee OA, encompassing non-pharmacologic, pharmacologic, and surgical interventions. Non-pharmacologic treatments, including patient education, physical therapy, and weight management, form the cornerstone of early OA care. Pharmacologic options such as acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and intra-articular injections are utilized to control pain and inflammation. For advanced cases, surgical options like total knee arthroplasty may be indicated. Emerging therapies and personalized treatment plans are also explored. A holistic, patient-centered approach is essential to improve quality of life and slow disease progression in individuals with knee OA.