COMPREHENSIVE RISK ANALYSIS OF LPG FUEL HANDLING, STORAGE, AND UTILISATION IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES

LPG handling, storage, and utilisation in automotive industrial facilities require an integrated approach to process safety, fire prevention, occupational protection, and environmental management. The principal challenge is not limited to preventing leaks; it also involves understanding how initiating events can develop into fires, explosions, operational disruptions, and environmental consequences. This paper proposes a comprehensive risk-assessment framework integrating HAZID, HAZOP, FMEA, qualitative risk ranking, and quantitative consequence analysis. The methodology connects equipment-level failure modes with major accident scenarios and provides a basis for prioritising preventive and mitigative safeguards. It also incorporates routine combustion emissions and accidental releases into the environmental assessment. The principal contribution is the proposed integration of lifecycle-based LPG hazard identification with risk-based decision-making and environmental evaluation. Its practical value will depend on validation using industrial operating data, engineering inspections, incident records, and appropriately selected consequence models. Future research should apply the framework to an automotive facility, calculate scenario-specific risk values, assess existing safety barriers, and compare baseline and post-intervention risk. Such an investigation could provide evidence-based recommendations for improving LPG system integrity, reducing accident potential, and strengthening environmental performance.

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