Corrosion in Pacemakers: Mechanisms, Implications and Advances in Prevention

Corrosion of pacemaker and its leads presents a significant concern in cardiac device management, potentially leading to device malfunction and patient harm. This paper reviews the current understanding of corrosion mechanisms in pacemaker leads, including the effects of physiological conditions, material properties, and environmental factors. Various prevention techniques for corrosion and types of corrosion resistant pacemakers are discussed, along with emerging technologies and types of pacemakers. The metals/alloys suitable for pacemakers are also noted. By addressing these issues, researchers and clinicians can improve the reliability and longevity of pacemaker leads, enhancing patient safety and device performance.