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Paper ID:IJSREM62671

CryptoForge: Adversarial Co-Evolution for Automated Cryptographic Hash Function Design

Stream/Area:

-

Subject:

-

Paper ID:

IJSREM62671

Volume:

10 |

5 |

May 2026

Pages:

1-6

Publication Frequency:

Monthly (12 issues per year)

DOI
Digital Object Identifier
10.55041/IJSREM62671

License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.

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Authors

Krishna J

Krishna J

Artificial Intelligence and Data Science

Knowledge Institute of Technology

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Gurumoorthy S

Gurumoorthy S

Artificial Intelligence and Data Science

Knowledge Institute of Technology

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Maharaj P S

Maharaj P S

Artificial Intelligence and Data Science

Knowledge Institute of Technology

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Muraliprasath K

Muraliprasath K

Artificial Intelligence and Data Science

Knowledge Institute of Technology

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Mentors

Esther Rani P J

Esther Rani P J

Artificial Intelligence and Data Science

Knowledge Institute of Technology

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Abstract

Cryptographic hash functions are typically designed by hand, evaluated through years of community analysis, and replaced only after a public break. There is no automated feedback loop between attack discovery and design improvement. We present CryptoForge, a system that closes this loop. CryptoForge pairs a parameterized matrix-based hash function (MatriXHash-256) with a Gohr-style neural differential distinguisher, a Walsh-Hadamard spectral analysis engine, and an evolutionary defender that modifies hash parameters in response to discovered weaknesses. The hash operates over GF(28) using a 32×32 Cauchy MDS matrix with branch number 33 and the AES S-box. The neural adversary trains on self-generated differential pairs and measures a “security margin”—the round count at which distinguishing accuracy falls to 50%. The spectral engine computes a fixed-dimensional fingerprint (nonlinearity, differential uniformity, spectral flatness, entropy) that predicts adversary success cheaply, without training. Over 8 generations of co-evolution, the system drove S-box nonlinearity from 94 to 112, independently rediscovering the AES S-box. We also report two empirical findings: a binary security cliff at nonlinearity ≈80, where neural accuracy transitions sharply from near-perfect to chance; and an R2 collapse in spectral-neural regression from 0.998 to 0.059 when the identity S-box outlier is removed, indicating the security landscape has a threshold rather than a gradient. A C implementation achieves 105× speedup over the Python baseline. The full system passes NIST SP 800-22 (10/10 tests), achieves perfect avalanche (mean 0.5000), and zero BIC violations across 1,044,480 bit pairs..

KEYWORDS

Key Words: Neural cryptanalysis adversarial co-evolution hash function design Walsh-Hadamard analysis evolutionary computation differential distinguisher.

Cite This Article

Krishna J, Gurumoorthy S, Maharaj P S, Muraliprasath K, Esther Rani P J, "CryptoForge: Adversarial Co-Evolution for Automated Cryptographic Hash Function Design," International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1-6, May 2026. https://doi.org/10.55041/IJSREM62671

Full Article/Conclusion

CryptoForge demonstrates that adversarial co-evolution is a viable approach to automated hash function design. A neural attacker finds weaknesses; a spectral engine provides cheap algebraic estimates; an evolutionary defender modifies the design; the cycle repeats. Over 8 generations, the system independently converged on the AES S-box. The binary security cliff at NL ≈ 80 and the R² collapse are empirical findings about the structure of the design space that, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported. The source code, trained models, web interface, and all 17 result files are publicly available.¹

References

[1] X. Wang, Y. L. Yin, and H. Yu, “Finding collisions in the full SHA-1,” in Advances in Cryptology—CRYPTO 2005, LNCS 3621, Springer, 2005, pp. 17–36. [2] A. Gohr, “Improving attacks on round-reduced Speck32/64 using deep learning,” in Advances in Cryptology—CRYPTO 2019, LNCS 11693, Springer, 2019, pp. 324–352. [3] A. Benamira, D. Gerault, T. Peyrin, and Q. Q. Tan, “A deeper look at machine learning-based cryptanalysis,” in Advances in Cryptology—EUROCRYPT 2021, LNCS 12696, Springer, 2021, pp. 805–835. [4] S. Picek, K. Knezevic, D. Jakobovic, and J. F. Miller, “Evolving S-boxes with improved cryptographic properties,” in Proc. Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conf. (GECCO), ACM, 2016, pp. 409–410. [5] C. Carlet, Boolean Functions for Cryptography and Coding Theory. Cambridge University Press, 2010. [6] J. Daemen and V. Rijmen, The Design of Rijndael: AES—The Advanced Encryption Standard. Springer, 2002. [7] C. Lu, C. Lu, R. T. Lange, J. Foerster, J. Clune, and D. Ha, “The AI Scientist: Towards fully automated open-ended scientific discovery,” arXiv:2408.06292, 2024. [8] A. Rukhin et al., “A statistical test suite for random and pseudorandom number generators for cryptographic applications,” NIST Special Publication 800-22, Rev. 1a, 2010. [9] M. Matsui, “Linear cryptanalysis method for DES cipher,” in Advances in Cryptology—EUROCRYPT ’93, LNCS 765, Springer, 1993, pp. 386–397. [10] E. Biham and A. Shamir, “Differential cryptanalysis of DES-like cryptosystems,” J. Cryptology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 3–72, 1991.  

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Publication Date

5/6/2026

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