Decentralized Security Architectures for Smart Home Ecosystems: A Systematic Review of Blockchain and Evolutionary Optimization Frameworks

As Smart Home Ecosystems (SHE) transition toward fully autonomous environments, traditional centralized security models face critical scalability and single-point-of-failure vulnerabilities. This paper provides a systematic review of contemporary security challenges and the emerging shift toward decentralized trust. We analyze the integration of blockchain technology and evolutionary computation as a dual-defense mechanism to bolster data integrity and energy efficiency. By synthesizing recent literature, this study categorizes modern threat vectors—ranging from physical node tampering to sophisticated network-layer attacks—and evaluates the efficacy of layered cryptographic solutions in resource-constrained IoT environments.