Design and Analysis of a Novel-shaped Hexa-Band Frequency Reconfigurable antenna integrated with PIN diode for S-Band and 5G Sub-6 GHz Applications

The work presents a novel shaped hexa-band frequency reconfigurable antenna. Depending upon the switching states, it can take place with three Switching states. For the three switching, two single band modes (3.5 and 5.4 GHz) and two dual band modes (2.29, 4.21, 2.6 and 5.2 GHz). The desired operating characteristics were accomplished using a number of switching states. The intended antenna performs in a dual band mode when all of the switches are switched ON, and it operates in a single band mode when all of the switches are turned OFF. It functions in a dual band mode when two switches are in the ON position and one switch is in the OFF position. When both switches were OFF and one switch was ON, the antenna performed on a single resonant band. In the simulation platform, lumped constituents are used to generate tunable capacitance, which is liable for frequency reconfigurability. The fabricated antenna’s evaluated tuning capability covers from 2.29 GHz to 5.2 GHz. For the different operating conditions of the described hexa-band antenna, remarkable efficiencies, suitable radiation patterns, appropriate gain, enhanced impedance matching, and directivity values were attained. Ansys HFSS is used to examine the far field and scattering properties. The developed antenna may very well be seamlessly implemented into modern communications systems due to its compact and inexpensive architecture. To evaluate the simulation results, a prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and analyzed using PIN diode switches. The measured and simulated findings for the proposed reconfigurable antenna are in excellent agreement.