Design and Analytical Verification of an Internet of Things Based Drip Fertigation System

An ESP32-based IoT drip-fertigation design has been specified with separate irrigation demand, bounded stock authorization, flow and level interlocks, prewetting, timed injection and flushing. For an illustrative 24-emitter case, analytical sizing gives a 120 s stock injection and 270 s complete cycle, with 3.60 L of carrier water and 60 mL of stock. Twelve predefined computational scenarios matched their expected results, and 1,080 single-fault timing traces produced no violations of the stated model assertions. The sensitivity calculation shows that ±10% pump-flow variation changes the timed dose to 54–66 mL, while the mixed-volume flushing model retains a nonzero residual after three volume  exchanges.  These  findings  make calibration and outlet verification necessary parts of the proposed implementation. The study establishes a reproducible basis for prototype development; it does not demonstrate experimental dosing accuracy, water or fertilizer savings, crop yield improvement, or field reliability.

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