Design and Fabrication of a Solar Powered Semi-Automated River Cleaning Machine

The continuous rise in industrialization, urban expansion, and human activities has intensified river pollution worldwide. Rivers, being vital sources of freshwater, are increasingly contaminated due to the unregulated discharge of plastic debris, floating waste, and other non-biodegradable materials. Such pollutants not only degrade aquatic ecosystems but also endanger biodiversity, human health, and the overall environmental balance. Conventional cleaning methods, often dependent on manual labor or fuel-driven boats, are inefficient, costly, and contribute indirectly to carbon emissions. This research presents the design and fabrication of a solar-powered semi-automatic river cleaning system aimed at providing an eco-friendly and sustainable solution for floating waste removal. The system operates using renewable solar energy, thereby eliminating reliance on conventional fuels. It employs a conveyor mechanism that continuously collects floating waste and deposits it into a rear-mounted storage container. Lightweight and corrosion-resistant materials were used to ensure buoyancy, strength, and long-term durability. Performance tests conducted under both controlled and real-water conditions showed high waste collection efficiency, low maintenance requirements, and minimal operational cost. The integration of semi-automation reduces manual involvement and enhances reliability in waste collection. Moreover, the modular design allows scalability for use in different water bodies, from small lakes to medium-sized rivers. The study demonstrates a sustainable approach to environmental protection by merging renewable energy with mechanical automation. This innovation supports global efforts toward clean water and climate action, aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).